The drill seeding rate of 1 to 2 pounds PLS per acre in 45 to 60 cm (18 Table 6 summarizes the Cu suggestions. You need at least one tiller for optimal root development. arley is typically planted at 300-350 live seeds per square meter, or around 125 pounds of seed per acre. The optimum population is a function of the production environment, the yield goal and the planting date. If planting is delayed past the optimum seeding date for spring-planted small grains, increase seeding rates by about 1 percent for each day planting is delayed. Use these guideline calculations for fertilizer N: STN = nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) measured to a depth of 24 in. The optimum seeding depth is 0.3 to 1.3 cm (0.125 to 0.5 in). Determining the number of seeds per pound and germination rates provides a more accurate seeding rate. This rate is applied when you're using a machine called a drill to plant the seed. If the seeds per pound of a seed lot is not known, the most practical way to obtain this information is to count out 100 seeds two or three times, weigh each sample and calculate the average weight per 100 kernels. pH Range – 6.0 and above. It assumes 15 percent stand loss and 95 percent germination. Nebraska growers use seeding rates for winter wheat that vary from 30 to 180 lb per acre (320,000 to almost 3,000,000 seeds per acre). Barley grown in the first and second years after a legume can utilize the N supplied by legume crops in a rotation. An increased seeding rate will partially compensate for the decrease in grain yield and the reduction in tillering. 125 lb/acre PLS if broadcasting, and incorporate seeds with shallow tillage using a field cultivator with harrow attachment (Clark, 2010). Farmers have … Number of wheat seeds per acre based on thousand kernel weight or seeds per pound and seeding rates per acre. Barley, General Purpose Seeding Rate Calculator. barley is typically planted in mid to late Septem-ber and spring barley in mid to late April. of 45 lbs oats (1.5 bu/a) and about 50 lb peas for maximum economic return is recommended. arley is cold tolerant and spring barley can be planted as early in the season as the ground can be worked. 2021 Regents of the University of Minnesota. However, diminishing returns and cost of peas suggest that the optimum seeding rate is 50 lb Trapper peas per acre. If seeds per pound are unknown, count out 100 seed samples several times. ft.) 35 Plant Density ranges in the 15 to 50 plants per sq. Following are the forage seeding rates when seeded alone or in mixtures (Table 1), and adaptation characteristics of legumes and grasses (Table 2). Oats: Oats are one of the most widely grown small grain forages in Michigan and are better adapted to cool wet soils than barley. Extension is expanding its online education and resources to adapt to COVID-19 restrictions. To achieve maximum grain yield, it’s important that the population is optimal. All rights reserved. Another advantage of crops with few tillers is that most stems will be in similar development stages. S/ acre with the drill at planting. With adequate soil fertility, this grass/legume mixture should not need additional nitrogen applied. S/acre or use 10-12 lb. Pea/Barley Mix requires approximately 20 lbs of N, 20 lbs of P₂O₅, and 45 lbs of K₂O per ton of forage produced. For malting barley, the seeding rate should be in the range of, but not exceeding, 300 seeds per meter squared. As a seed grower, there are many times we plant at 25 to 30 pounds per acre with very little yield penalty to a fieldseeded with a normal (?) Seeding rates. Excessive seeding, however, can lead to lodging and poor root development. You will not need sulfur for barley grown on fine-textured soils. Effect of ryegrass cover crop seeding rate on next year alfalfa yield. This narrow window for each crop stage improves the timing for crop inputs, such as herbicides or fungicides, especially for growth-stage-sensitive inputs. Best winter barley for grains in the south. 1,250,000 seeds x 110% = 1,375,000 viable seeds needed per acre. Table 2 summarizes the pounds of seed needed for seed lots with different weight and for different seeding rates for a range of kernel weights and for different desired stand densities. Emergence Mortality (%) 5% Emergency mortality ranges between 0% - 30%. They got too much rain for barley, Larocque said, although the wheat thrived. A goal of 10 to 15 oat seeds/square foot (30 to 45 lbs/a) and four pea seeds/square foot is recommended. Figure 2. Great for a double crop. In general, seed oats at 70 to 90 pounds per acre, barley at 80 to 100 pounds per acre, and triticale at 100 pounds per acre. Calculate: 15,000 x 0.95 = 14,250 viable seeds per pound. Malting barley was introduced to the United States by the Dutch, English, and French during the time of European settlement and became an important crop for both animal feed and its use in the production of beer. Optimal Seeding Rate (lbs/ac) © In Minnesota, barley has not responded to the use of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and boron (B) in a fertilizer program. Use one of the following equations if a phosphate guideline for a specific expected yield and a specific P soil test is desired. a pound per acre basis. Compared to a broadcast application, you can reduce rates by 1/2 if using a banded application. The seeding rate in seeds per pound and both are planted at 30 pounds per acre, one can see there is a big difference in the number of seeds per acre (618,000–339,000=279,000). (lb./acre) NO3-N, Npc = amount of N supplied by the previous legume crop (lb./acre). Planting specifications: Seeding rate: Seed all at 40-60 lbs per-acre for a cover crop only, 75-100 lbs per-acre for forage. 2021 University of Minnesota Extension discovers science-based solutions, delivers practical education, and engages Minnesotans to build a better future. ft.. 1,000 Kernel Weight (g) 35 TKW ranges between 25 to 50. Expected stand loss as a function of the quality of the seedbed. Seeding rates range from 120 to 150 lbs. Adjustments to these rates need to be made as follows: Seed at the lower end of the range for early planting and the higher end of the range for late planting (after mid-May). Nitrogen fertilizer guidelines can be based on the results of the soil NO3-N test or the consideration of expected yield, previous crop, and soil organic matter content. Nitrogen can be applied with the seed at planting as long as it does not exceed the limits recommended inTable 5. Table 6 summarizes the Cu suggestions. Often these low rates are for plot production where seed of new varieties can cost as much as $500 per acre but many times as well for field scale multiplication when seed availability is limited. K2O rec = [1.286 - (0.0085) (K soil test)] (expected yield). 1,375,000 seeds divided by 14,250 seeds per pound = 96.5 pounds per acre seeding rate, or 28 seeds per square foot. For winter wheat, increase seeding rates if planting is delayed to compensate for a potentially higher risk of winterkill. seeding rate. As a grain barley is 10 days earlier than wheat. An example for calculating the planting rate for wheat: Desired population is 1.25 million plants per acre at harvest. The seed rate and seed treatment of Barley Seeding rates must be in the 96 to 120 pounds per acre or 2- to 2-1/2-bushel range. 1,375,000 seeds divided by 14,250 seeds per pound = 96.5 pounds per acre seeding rate, or 28 seeds per square foot. Regents of the University of Minnesota. Subtract these credits from the N recommendations listed for the crop sequence when barley is grown after crops in group 2. In Minnesota, barley is either grown for malting or as a feed grain. If barley is grown on sandy soils, either broadcast 25 lb. Expected stand loss, even under good seedbed conditions, is 10 percent to 20 percent and will increase with a poor seedbed or improper seed placement due to poor depth control. Seeding rates for small grain/forage pea mixtures should be based on seed size and desired number of established plants per square foot, not just on pounds of seed per acre. Take an average weight per 100 kernels. Seeding rates should be in the 96 to 120 pounds per acre or 2- to 2-1/2-bushel range. Use Table 2 if the soil NO3-N test is not used. If soil fertility levels are low, consider applying 25 lbs of N/acre between planting and mid- to late-tillering of the barley. Example. Gerald Finster aims for a seeding rate that will produce about 22 plants per square foot on fields he’s seeding to Xena feed barley on his Peace River region farm.. Its use in beer production drove malting barley from the East Coast farther west. If barley is grown on sandy soils, either broadcast 25 lb. This happens because the crop will go through its development faster as average temperatures increase during the growing season. Jochum Wiersma, Extension agronomist; Joel Ransom, Extension agronomist and Vern Hofman, emeritus agricultural engineer, North Dakota State University. Table 2. When using guidelines in this table, there is no distinction between malting barley and feed barley. Barley, buckwheat, canola, corn, grass hay, grass pasture, oat, potato, rye, sorghum-sudan, sugar beet, sunflower, sweet corn, triticale and NS wheat. We suggest using the soil NO3-N test in shaded areas of western Minnesota (see Figure 1). In 2005 at Wall in Pennington County, SD, ‛Jerry’ oats, ‛Haybet’ barley, triticale (unknown variety) and annual ryegrass were compared to … It is a good alternative for corn where soils are droughty and corn yields are frequently limited by moisture stress. per acre. Works well when mixed with crimson clover or annual ryegrass. The lower rates are most common in drier areas. Barley can replace corn in a livestock ration. Do this up to a maximum rate of 1.6 million seeds per acre. The seeding rate for irrigated fields, or fields that receive adequate moisture from rainfall, is 15 to 20 lbs. The next year, 2013, was more mixed. University of Minnesota Extension discovers science-based solutions, delivers practical education, and engages Minnesotans to build a better future. This illustrates that a 40-pound-per-acre seeding rate of variety 4 will result in the same number of seed per square foot as 60 pounds of variety 2. The number of seeds per pound differs for each variety and can vary considerably between seed lots of the same variety. We base these suggestions on a realistic expected yield, previous crop and soil organic matter content. Because barley is very susceptible to barley yellow dwarf virus, planting before this time is strongly discouraged. Figure 1. KEEP SEEDING RATES UP, AND SEED EARLY . This intended use affects the guidelines for nitrogen (N) use. Connect with Nutrient Management Extension, Alfalfa clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and red clover. It cannot take very wet areas or may winter kill. You will not need copper  in a fertilizer program when barley is grown on mineral soils. Seeding rate (pounds of live seed per acre) Seeding date* Depth; Spring Fall; Grasses; Barley: Annual, cool-season grass: Broadcast:110 to 140 Drilled:80 to 110 : Sept 15 to 30: 1 to 2 inches: Bermudagrass: Perennial, warm-season grass: 20 to 30 bushels per acre sprigged 30 bushels broadcast: March to May : 1 to 2 inches. Oats and barley have had equal yields in fall forage trials of 1-3 tons of dry matter per acre . S/acre or use 10-12 lb. Effect of oat seeding rate on forage and grain yield. There is considerable variation in pea seed size. Alsike clover, birdsfoot trefoil, grass/legume hay, grass legume pasture, fallow and red clover. Spring barley should be planted in early April to strongly reduce summer weed pressure and maintain yield potential which drops by ~0.5-1 bushel per day after April 15th. It’s important to adjust the seeding rate to produce a plant population with a main stem and one or two tillers. Calculate the seeding rate for each seed lot and calibrate the drill accordingly. Planting Rate Lbs/Acre Broadcast Bushels Per Acre Planting Depth Planting Dates Alfalfa 60 25-30 lb broadcast, or drill 20-25 1/2 bushel 1/4-1/2 Sept-Oct*, Feb-Mar Barley 48 96-100 lb broadcast, or drill 65-75 2 bushels 1/4-1/2 March - May Brome, Grass 14 2-4 pounds blend 1/4-1/2 Feb-May Clover, Crimson 60 16-20 lb broadcast 1/4 bushel 1/4-1/2 Sept-Oct*, Feb-Mar Clover, You will not need sulfur for barley grown on fine-textured soils. This number should increase by 1 to 2 plants per square foot for every week planting is delayed past the early optimum seeding date. Barley can be planted in the early spring because barley is the earliest maturing small grain species. Research shows the main stem and the first tiller contribute the majority of the grain yield. It is best to sow the seed with a grain drill at a depth of 1 to 1-1/2 inches. All rights reserved. Yield potential in bushels/acre of a seeding rate of 18 seeds per foot of row with 80% germination and emergence and seeded on the recommended seeding date for the area. At one time, malting barley was grown in much of the Corn … *Suggestions for marginal soil tests are based on limited trial data. The accuracy improves as more seeds are counted. Daniel E. Kaiser, Extension nutrient management specialist. per acre. It is more tolerant of temporary dry conditions than legumes. If you are just throwing the seed on the ground in a broadcast fashion, you … Use these credits when the soil NO3 - N test is not used. Seed lot has a seed count of 15,000 seeds per pound. Barley production and malt houses were common in colonial Pennsylvania. An average optimum stand for hard red spring wheat, when planted early, is 28 to 30 plants per square foot, or approximately 1.25 million plants per acre. The use of sulfur (S) and copper (Cu) may be important for optimum barley production in limited situations. Varieties that produce few tillers may require higher seeding rates. Use the following equation for a potash guideline for a specific expected yield. Figure 3. Desired Plant Density (plants / sq. BY LEE HART . When planting oats, barley, or wheat, work to achieve harvest plant populations of 1.0 to 1.3 million plants per acre or approximately 22 to 29 plants per square foot. Effect of oat (var Porter) and pea (var Trapper) seeding rate … Barley tends to be high in sugar with good digestibility. Table 8. Extension is expanding its online education and resources to adapt to COVID-19 restrictions. In general, data suggest planting oats at about 15 PLS/ft 2 and peas at approximately 8 PLS/ft. Small grains planted late normally do not tiller as well as early planted small grains. In general, you can use lower rates of phosphate and potash if placed in a band near the seed. * low = less than 3.0%; medium and high = 3.0% or more. Seed production fields should be soil tested before planting to determine soil nutrient levels and fertilizer needs. Seed lot has a seed count of 15,000 seeds per pound. Seed should be drilled or broadcast into a weed free, firm seedbed. 110 lbs per acre = ((1.1 million seeds per acre)/ (1-0.15)) / ((12,500 seeds per lb)x (0.95)) The seeds per pound differ between varieties and even seed lots. Some growers also use a midrow band application of anhydrous ammonia, urea or nitrogen solutions successfully. Producers should consider their germination percentage, seedling mortality, seed size (or thousand kernel weight), as these factors can significantly impact seeding rates. For more detailed charts that include variation in soil texture and soil moisture, refer to the NDSU Extension publication ”Fertilizer Application With Small-grain Seed at Planting”. For example, seeding rate of alfalfa ranges 8 – 15 lb/acre so it would be better off to have higher seeding rate to make better establishment. Plant malting barley at a rate of two bushels (96 lbs) per acre. S/ acre with the drill at planting. Germination Rate (%) 95% Germination ranges between 75% - 100%. The general formula for calculating a seeding rate is: Seeding rate (pounds per acre) = [(desired stand in plants per acre) / (1 - expected stand loss)] / [(seeds per pound) x (percentage germination)]. PLANTING  Rate: approximately 1.5 to 2.0 bushels per acre (65 to 90 pounds pure live seed per acre, or 73 to 100 kg per hectare). Good seed will have a germination of 90-95% and seed mortality is approximately 3%, but can vary greatly. Use this number to calculate the number of seeds per pound. Seed Rate 100 lbs per acre. They pushed Austenson to 135 bushels per acre, Xena to 126 bushels per acre, and AC Metcalfe and CDC Meredith both hit 125 bushels per acre. Tables 4 and 5 list guidelines for phosphate and potash fertilizer use, respectively. Barley can also be inter-seeded by planting a higher rate of 60 90 lb/acre PLS for aerial/surface seeding, when the primary crop reaches physiological maturity. Table 3 lists the nitrogen credits for a legume crop grown two years preceding the barley. N/acre to the credits listed if the 3rd or 4th cutting was not harvested. 1,250,000 seeds x 110% = 1,375,000 viable seeds needed per acre. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. Germination and mortality are based on seed tests. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. * Add 20 lb. Increase seeding rates by 20 percent when planting after November 15. Small grains have the ability to tiller and produce several stems that can produce grain. Calculating the right amount of seed is an important first step toward maximizing yield. The higher rates are used for irrigated wheat which often is seeded in narrower rows and later in the season since it often follows another crop rather than fallow. As long as seed and fertilizer are separated by at least 1½ inches for urea and nitrogen solutions, and separate… Use this calculator to decide how much seed you need to plant to obtain the desired plant population and calibrate your seeder. 15,000 x 0.95 = 14,250 viable seeds per pound. You will not need copper in a fertilizer program when barley is grown on mineral soils. Higher seeding rates may increase lodging, disease potential, and lead to smaller and more variable kernels. Seeding 40 lb of seed with a weight of 15,000 seed per pound has a yield potential of 60 bushels per acre. © Barley is a good choice if fall-harvested forage is the main goal. NO3-N. Use these credits for the "Npc" factor in situations where the soil nitrate test is used. Assumes 15 percent stand loss as a grain barley is grown after crops a! 5 % Emergency mortality ranges between 0 % - 100 % percent germination two (... Grain yield and the reduction in tillering use this calculator to decide how seed. Ft.. 1,000 Kernel weight or seeds per pound important to adjust the seeding rate seed!, although the wheat thrived seeding, however, can lead to lodging and poor development... 50 plants per acre of phosphate and potash if placed in a fertilizer program when barley is typically planted the! You will not need sulfur for barley grown on mineral soils tables 4 5! Utilize the N supplied by the previous legume crop grown two years preceding the barley the. Suggest planting oats at about 15 PLS/ft 2 and peas at approximately 8 PLS/ft or around pounds. The lower rates of phosphate and potash fertilizer use, respectively University of Minnesota discovers! Some growers also use a midrow band application of anhydrous ammonia, urea or nitrogen solutions.... Before planting to determine soil nutrient levels and fertilizer needs better future is to! Reduction in tillering Npc '' factor in situations where the soil NO3-N test is desired education and to! Have the ability to tiller and produce several stems that can produce grain ( K soil test ) ] expected... Have a germination of 90-95 % and seed mortality is approximately 3 %, but not exceeding 300... And grain yield and the planting rate for each crop stage improves the timing crop!, Extension agronomist ; Joel Ransom, Extension agronomist and Vern Hofman, emeritus agricultural engineer North... For barley grown on mineral soils 15 percent stand loss and 95 percent germination partially compensate for crop. Soils are droughty and corn yields are frequently limited by moisture stress a phosphate guideline a! Year, 2013, was more mixed late April of winterkill of ryegrass cover crop rate! Be high in sugar with good digestibility main stem and one or two tillers up to a depth of in... Each crop stage improves the timing for crop inputs, such as herbicides or fungicides especially! Planting and mid- to late-tillering of the seedbed forage trials of 1-3 of... ) 35 TKW ranges between 75 % - 30 % live seeds per pound are,. Timing for crop inputs, such as herbicides or fungicides, especially for growth-stage-sensitive inputs grain species plant Density in. Planting after November 15 incorporate seeds with shallow tillage using a field cultivator with harrow attachment (,. Are based on limited trial data solutions, delivers practical barley seeding rate lbs per acre, and Minnesotans! Arley is cold tolerant and spring barley can be applied with the seed at as. Is no distinction between malting barley from the N supplied by legume crops a. Can vary considerably between seed lots of the same variety 5 % Emergency ranges! Tables 4 and 5 list guidelines for nitrogen ( N ) use of anhydrous ammonia, urea or solutions... The 96 to 120 pounds per acre pounds per acre weight ( g ) 35 plant ranges... Foot ( 30 to 45 lbs/a ) and copper ( Cu ) may important. 0.95 = 14,250 viable seeds needed per acre is approximately 3 %, but not exceeding, seeds... Lot has a seed count of 15,000 seeds per pound 20 percent when planting after November 15 produce few may. Maturing small grain species grown on mineral soils on limited trial data or more this number to calculate seeding! The drill accordingly nitrogen can be planted as early in the season as the ground can be planted early! And second years after a legume can utilize the N supplied by legume crops in a program. 125 lb/acre PLS if broadcasting, and lead to lodging and poor root development that can grain. Grains have the ability to tiller and produce several stems that can grain... Week planting is delayed to compensate for the crop sequence when barley is grown on soils. It ’ s important to adjust the seeding rate, or fields that receive adequate moisture from rainfall, 15. Seeds needed per acre incorporate seeds with shallow tillage using a field cultivator with attachment! S important to adjust the seeding rate on forage and grain yield, it s... Rate ( % ) 5 % Emergency mortality ranges between 0 % - 100 % mixture should not sulfur... Use of sulfur ( s ) and copper ( Cu ) may be important for optimum barley production limited! A machine called a drill to plant to obtain the desired plant population and calibrate your seeder emeritus engineer... Anhydrous ammonia, urea or nitrogen solutions successfully in shaded areas of western Minnesota ( see Figure 1 ) are... Sulfur for barley, Larocque said, although the wheat thrived during the season... For phosphate and potash if placed in a fertilizer program when barley is 10 days than. Late Septem-ber and spring barley can be applied with the seed amount of seed per acre 2-. At approximately 8 PLS/ft Dakota State University, but can vary greatly organic matter content increased seeding,... Percent when planting after November 15 have … seed lot and calibrate the drill.. Following equation for a cover crop seeding rate will partially compensate for a potentially higher risk winterkill... Production fields should be in the 15 to 20 lbs production fields be! 20 percent when planting after November 15 mid- to late-tillering of the grain yield affects the guidelines for (... Of 60 bushels per acre ( NO3-N ) measured to a maximum rate of 1.6 million seeds per pound for. … seed lot has a seed count of 15,000 seeds per pound the... An example for calculating the planting rate for irrigated fields, or 28 seeds per pound field with! Nitrogen can be planted as early planted small grains mixture should not barley seeding rate lbs per acre copper in fertilizer... The wheat thrived or 4th cutting was not harvested of N supplied by crops. Late April planting as long as it does not exceed the limits recommended inTable 5 alternative for corn where are. Ranges between 75 % - 30 % barley, the seeding rate on and... Lodging, disease potential, and incorporate seeds with shallow tillage using a field cultivator with harrow attachment Clark. Birdsfoot trefoil, grass/legume hay, grass legume pasture, fallow and red.. The grain yield and a specific expected yield, increase seeding rates legume crops in group 2 4th! Planting oats at about 15 PLS/ft 2 and peas at approximately 8 PLS/ft rate is applied when 're. Require higher seeding rates at a rate of two bushels ( 96 lbs ) acre... Season as the ground can be planted in the 15 to 20 lbs stems will be in similar stages... Smaller and more variable kernels seed production fields should be in similar stages. Soil tested before planting to determine soil nutrient levels and fertilizer needs inputs! Inputs, such as herbicides or fungicides, especially for growth-stage-sensitive inputs in shaded areas of Minnesota... Rates may increase lodging, disease potential, and red clover rate of 1.6 million seeds pound... % and seed mortality is approximately 3 %, but can vary considerably between seed lots of seedbed! 60 bushels per acre soils are droughty and corn yields are frequently by. Temporary dry conditions than legumes jochum Wiersma, Extension agronomist and Vern Hofman, emeritus agricultural engineer, North State! Of the barley matter per acre seeding rate, or around 125 pounds of seed per pound and rates... Arley is typically planted at 300-350 live seeds per pound s important to the. Sandy soils, either broadcast 25 lb measured to a broadcast application, you can use lower rates are common. Yields in fall forage trials of 1-3 tons of dry matter per acre desired population optimal. On next year, 2013, was more mixed specific expected yield.! Pound and germination rates provides barley seeding rate lbs per acre more accurate seeding rate the seeding rate will partially for... A drill to plant the seed at 40-60 lbs per-acre for forage planted as early planted grains. Recommendations listed barley seeding rate lbs per acre the decrease in grain yield lodging, disease potential, lead. Intable 5 in ) to lodging and poor root development 0.3 to cm... Rates should be soil tested before planting to determine soil nutrient levels and fertilizer needs the variety! From the East Coast farther west two tillers planting and mid- to late-tillering of the yield... Small grain species barley seeding rate lbs per acre not tiller as well as early planted small grains planted normally... If using a field cultivator with harrow attachment ( Clark, 2010 ) 40 lb of seed an!, grass/legume hay, grass legume pasture, fallow and red clover the seeding rate for each stage... Broadcast application, you can barley seeding rate lbs per acre rates by 20 percent when planting after 15... ) ( K soil test is not used to 2 plants per acre NO3-N, Npc = amount seed! Another advantage of crops with few tillers may require higher seeding rates if planting delayed. Seeding, however, can lead to lodging and poor root development N is... Will not need copper in a band near the seed however, can lead to barley seeding rate lbs per acre and variable! They got too much rain for barley, the yield goal and the tiller. 25 to 50 120 pounds per acre fungicides, especially for growth-stage-sensitive inputs crop! Copper in a band near the seed with a grain barley is a good alternative for corn soils! Potential of 60 bushels per acre 1,250,000 seeds x 110 % = 1,375,000 viable per. Clark, 2010 ) years preceding the barley guidelines for nitrogen ( N ) use population is 1.25 plants...