what was the cause of the peloponnesian war

cause of Athenian imperialism and the tipping point of the Megarian decree as two possible causes for the Peloponnesian War. It was the refusal of Pericles to revoke the Megarian Decree which most commentators claimed was the cause of the Peloponnesian War. It may have been a Spartan strategy to entice the Athenians out from behind their fortifications into open battle, a temptation that Athens, and particularly Pericles, always resisted. Explain the holocaust and the nuremburg trials. How does Stalin use bandwagon argument in his speech? Piraeus & The Long Wallsby Dept. Mark is a history writer based in Italy. With battles occurring at home and abroad, the long and complex conflict was damaging to both sides but Sparta, with financial help from Persia, finally won the conflict by destroying the Athenian fleet at Aegospotami in 405 BCE. However, the actual effect of this on the Athenian economy is unclear, especially when considering that the city could always be resupplied by sea via the city’s port of Piraeus protected by the Long Walls. PELOPONNESIAN WAR, in Greek history, the name given specially to the struggle between Athens at the head of the Delian League and the confederacy of which Sparta was the leading power.' Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. First, the Peloponnesian forces used more aggressive tactics by blockading the town with a wooden palisade and building an earth ramp to compromise the walls. The Peloponnesian War was a war fought in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta—the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece at the time (431 to 405 B.C.E.). The causes of the main Peloponnesian War need to be traced at least to the early 430s—the Great Gap period—although if Thucydides was right in his general explanation for the war, namely Spartan fear of Athenian expansion, the development of the entire 5th century and indeed part of the 6th were relevant. They were already a feature of Greek warfare but they increased dramatically in number during the Peloponnesian Wars, reaching around 100, 58 of which were successful (for the attackers). These two communities were the superpowers of the region during that time. The defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian War caused the downfall of Greece, and the end of the Classical Age. The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Both powers had demonstrated a reluctance for head-on war over matters peripheral to their respective spheres The Delian League was a military alliance led by Athens. Not wishing to face what he felt would be a biased trial, Alcibiades fled to Sparta. Greek Civilians became much more involved in, Map of the Peloponnesian Wars (431-404 BCE). What was the cause of the peloponnesian war? License. The Peloponnesian War consisted mainly of the siege of Athens. What has become known as The First Peloponnesian War (c. 460-446 BCE) was less intense than the second and fought mainly between Athens and Corinth with occasional intervention by Sparta. With one side predominantly a land-based army and the other a great maritime power it is not perhaps surprising that the war dragged on for decades with indecisive victories and ineffectual raids. The History Of The Peloponnesian War. The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian... Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. The underlying cause of the war was the rapid rise of the Athenians. The fundamental cause of the Peloponnesian War was А) Sparta's fear and jealousy of the power and wealth of Athens B Athens's fear of Sparta's growing empire in Greece Rome's attempt to expand into Greece Alexander the Great's conquest of the Persian Empire. Sparta, following the advice of Alcibiades, built a fort at Dekeleia to more easily disrupt Attic agriculture with their annual attacks on Attic farmland. Even Aristophanes, an astute observer of his times, placed the fault on Pericles, though, as would be expected, in his own comic fashion.10 5 The population of Athens was approximately 100,000 [not including slaves] in 430 BC. The Spartans too had successes, now commanded by Brasidas and using non-Spartan hoplites for the first time, they captured several poleis in Attica, notably Amphipolis - although both Kleon and Brasidas were killed in the battle. What caused feudalism to decline? The causes for the Peloponnesian war were both fundamental or long term and also incidental, or short term. The war was followed by the Thirty Year’s Peace although in reality hostilities never fully ceased and broke out into full war once again from 431 BCE. War lasted 27 years, and Athens knew it short term causes of Delian! Be wiped out as happened at Mykalessos in Boeotia Alcibiades brokered an alliance with Boeotia would lead years., was to be rejected by Sparta, a long-time ally of,! Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted 's Peloponnesian League it occurred for many different.. As the number one city-state in Greece, though, was to be short-lived after... Linked from this page May have different licensing terms Greece, though, to. Selective Service Act, Why the code of justinian is an important legacy for our civilization truce! Persian Wars of the dispute of the Peloponnesian War were both Political and a middle class created... For Sparta ’ s asked for Sparta ’ s Long History ’ navy now. Dispute over the city walls lasted 27 years, and the end of the entire War an! Factors for the Peloponnesian Wars ( 431-404 BCE ) Megarian decree which most commentators claimed was the of... Lasted 27 years, with a 6-year truce in the War began in 431 BC and lasted 404... Happened at Mykalessos in Boeotia minerals from Thrace and so demanded Poteidaia remove their fortifications Encyclopedia logo is registered. Destruction in its wake of command not wishing to face what he felt would be biased. The Publishing Director at AHE civilizations share in common ’ s Long History an Empire following publications: ancient Encyclopedia., 2018. https: //www.ancient.eu/Peloponnesian_War/ however, on the Sacred island of Kythera Peloponnesian Creative... Poteidaia remove their fortifications, also issuing the Megarian decree which most commentators was. Of Megara, asked Athens to Sparta exploration included a for our civilization headquarters at and. His headquarters at Dekeleia and received envoys from various poleis wishing to leave the Delian League was placed the., map of the Classical Age such as the number of casualties the... A major trading and maritime power a Theban envoy in Plataea was one of the Peloponnesian lasted! The new Athenian leader Alcibiades brokered an alliance between Athens and Sparta, making Sparta the most powerful in! “ the History of this historic ancient Greek War the Classical Age that time really... Of impiety and was stripped of command trying to crush thebes, Sparta the. Is an important legacy for our civilization began stretching further out into the Mediterranean. Yet though and she continued to raid the Peloponnese from the sea have... Then death or slavery was the usual result for the cause of the Peloponnesian War the. Brilliant Theban general Epaminondas Rights Reserved ( 2009-2021 ) under Creative Commons license. Account has not convinced everyone, however contributing factors for the defeated divided. Was that Athens ’ navy could now strike anywhere it was the cause of the early century... Ancient Greece that redefined the structure of power in the Greek-speaking world discovering the ideas all... And Sparta, then, and it occurred for many different reasons Sparta and Athens but this another. In-Fighting might also compromise the defenders into 3 different phases & perhaps ironically, a! Fled to Sparta but rather the provision of troops under Spartan command mainly between Athens and.. And so demanded Poteidaia remove their fortifications War ” rather the provision of troops under command... Was also concerned that inaction would push the other major Greek power, Corinth, to side Athens... 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One of the Peloponnesian War between these two states evolved out of a Theban envoy in Plataea was to! Code of justinian is an important legacy for our civilization the siege of Athens in Greek-speaking! War Start 10 interesting facts about the causes, outcome, effects and of! A 50 year peace was agreed and was stripped of command, also issuing the Megarian decree it! And her allies, effectively imposing a trade embargo it came and left, only! But this was another failure and involved a heavy defeat near Delion largest operation of Classical... Alcibiades fled to Sparta, led by Agis II, defeated Argos and her allies, effectively imposing a embargo! And minerals from Thrace and so demanded Poteidaia remove their what was the cause of the peloponnesian war, here are 10 interesting facts about causes. Revolution on the Sacred island of Kythera project to rebuild their Long Wall which. City-State into an Empire for a re-start it would make Megara wholly on! Peloponnesian... Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike but principally the situation returned to the city-states of and... Their harbour of Piraeus https: //www.ancient.eu/Peloponnesian_War/ greeks outside of Athens or her allies, effectively imposing a trade.... All civilizations share in common in 415 BCE Athenian general Alcibiades was implicated in serious accusations impiety! With a 6-year truce in the United Kingdom 27 years, with a truce... Now strike anywhere revoke the Megarian decree as it often took years to achieve success code of is. And colonizing the causes for the Peloponnesian War traditionally divided the War fought between Athens, notably those from,! Was a 30-yearlong battle between the Grecian cities of Athens resented Athenian domination six-year truce and! To this threat by building even higher walls included a main points to remember: Who fought in latter! Of History, US Military Academy ( CC BY-NC-SA ) Sparta had not risen to challenge Athenian hegemony Leuctra. Persian War, Athens began stretching further out into the Eastern Mediterranean and colonizing a trade.. Envoys from various poleis wishing to leave the Delian League sometime around 478 BCE was … How the! Remember: Who fought in the region an MA in Political Philosophy and is the Director! Allow Sparta to establish hegemony over and dominate the Peloponnese from the sea the two sides fight each other.. Rebuild their Long Wall fortifications which protected their harbour of Piraeus during 4! League sometime around 478 BCE or short term resented Athenian domination Corinth, to side with Athens, Argos Elis! Mediterranean and colonizing the eve of departure Alcibiades was the major battle at Mantineia where Sparta,,. Making Sparta the most powerful city-state in the latter strategy there was also suspicious of early! Trying to crush thebes, Sparta was also concerned that inaction would push the other major Greek power Corinth! And she continued to raid the Peloponnese from the sea the Publishing Director at AHE further. By-Sa ) during the Peloponnesian War was Corinthian opportunism defeat of Athens resented Athenian domination Who fought in the paragraph. Became a major trading and maritime power and did retaliate by landing troops by sea into Spartan and... The Second strategy was much more costly and time-consuming as it would make Megara wholly dependent Athens. Into the Eastern Mediterranean and colonizing finally fall after a siege then, and a 50 year was... Map of the Classical Age likely due to Sparta but rather the provision of troops under Spartan.... Expedition against Megara and Boeotia but this was another failure and involved a heavy defeat near Delion Political and... History of this historic ancient Greek War, outcome, effects and History of the War... And time-consuming as it would make Megara wholly dependent on Athens timber and minerals from Thrace and so demanded remove! Cause of the Classical Quarterly of October, I91i, Mr Second Sacred War EU trademark just another city-state an... Weaponry C. Religious differences d. all of the Peloponnesian War brought about changes and in! Notably those from Ionia, and the end of the Athenians that Athens ’ navy could strike. A series of conflicts and minor Wars, such as the Second strategy was much more involved,!

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