how long did the peloponnesian war last

These ships were then released, and served as the core of the Athenians' fleet throughout the rest of the war. Create your account. Peloponnesian War, (431–404 bce), war fought between the two leading city-states in ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta. As prominent historian J. Threatened with starvation, the Athenian fleet had no choice but to follow. Athens proceeded to bring under its control all of Greece except for Sparta and its allies, ushering in a period which is known to history as the Athenian Empire. Bury remarks, the Peloponnesians would have considered it the "Attic War".[3]. The first phase is known as Archidamian War. In 403 BC, the oligarchs were overthrown and a democracy was restored by Thrasybulus. Many of the citizens of Attica abandoned their farms and moved inside the Long Walls, which connected Athens to its port of Piraeus. Overall, it lasted 27 years. See answer Pooky648 … [11] The fear of plague was so widespread that the Spartan invasion of Attica was abandoned, their troops being unwilling to risk contact with the diseased enemy. The people of Syracuse were ethnically Dorian (as were the Spartans), while the Athenians, and their ally in Sicilia, were Ionian. The Syracusans sent their fleet to the Peloponnesians, and the Persians decided to support the Spartans with money and ships. [22] Undeterred, a majority of the Spartan assembly voted to declare that the Athenians had broken the peace, essentially declaring war.[23]. 27 years. Little is known about Thucydides’ life apart from the few biographical references in his masterwork. Facing starvation and disease from the prolonged siege, Athens surrendered in 404 BC,[2] and its allies soon surrendered as well. He was born in the Athenian suburb of Halimos and was in Athens during the plague of c.430 B.C., a year after the war began. With its victory at Mantinea, Sparta pulled itself back from the brink of utter defeat, and re-established its hegemony throughout the Peloponnese. [12] When the rebellious helots were finally forced to surrender and permitted to evacuate the state, the Athenians settled them at the strategic city of Naupaktos on the Gulf of Corinth. After additional setbacks, Nicias seemed to agree to a retreat until a bad omen, in the form of a lunar eclipse, delayed any withdrawal. Start studying The Peloponnesian War. This was a direct violation of the Thirty Years' Peace, which had (among other things) stipulated that the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League would respect each other's autonomy and internal affairs. Become a Study.com member to unlock this They punished The Persians by taking territories on mainland Greece and adding them to the Athenian Empire. On the level of international relations, Athens, the strongest city-state in Greece prior to the war's beginning, was reduced to a state of near-complete subjection, while Sparta became established as the leading power of Greece. The delay was costly and forced the Athenians into a major sea battle in the Great Harbor of Syracuse. It was alleged that the Megarians had desecrated the Hiera Orgas. The war was divided into 3 phases: The Archidamian War, The Sicilian war and The Ionian or Decelean War: phase. Who fought in the Peloponnesian war and how long did it last? Following the destruction of the Sicilian Expedition, Lacedaemon encouraged the revolt of Athens's tributary allies, and indeed, much of Ionia rose in revolt against Athens. Was Syracuse in Ancient Greece a part of the... Was the Delian League created after the... How did the Delian League become the Athenian... 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Cavalry was limited to about 30 horses, which proved to be no match for the large and highly trained Syracusan cavalry. The Corinthians, the Spartans, and others in the Peloponnesian League sent more reinforcements to Syracuse, in the hopes of driving off the Athenians; but instead of withdrawing, the Athenians sent another hundred ships and another 5,000 troops to Sicily. For a time during this conflict, Athens controlled not only Megara but also Boeotia; at its end, however, in the face of a massive Spartan invasion of Attica, the Athenians ceded the lands they had won on the Greek mainland, and Athens and Sparta recognized each other's right to control their respective alliance systems. The Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek world. In the final stages of the preparations for departure, the hermai (religious statues) of Athens were mutilated by unknown persons, and Alcibiades was charged with religious crimes. Sparta and its allies, with the exception of Corinth, were almost exclusively land-based powers, able to summon large land armies which were very nearly unbeatable (thanks to the legendary Spartan forces). An oligarchical revolution occurred in Athens, in which a group of 400 seized power. The fortification of Decelea prevented the shipment of supplies overland to Athens, and forced all supplies to be brought in by sea at increased expense. These 27 years were not full of conflict, though. This debate was attended by members of the league and an uninvited delegation from Athens, which also asked to speak, and became the scene of a debate between the Athenians and the Corinthians. All rights reserved. The Delian league. The war began in 431 BC and lasted until 404 BC. The Athenian Empire, although based in the peninsula of Attica, spread out across the islands of the Aegean Sea; Athens drew its immense wealth from tribute paid from these islands. The Athenian strategy was initially guided by the strategos, or general, Pericles, who advised the Athenians to avoid open battle with the far more numerous and better trained Spartan hoplites, relying instead on the fleet. How long did the Peloponnesian War last and were any other states involved in it other than Greece and Sparta - trivia question /questions answer / answers. A peace with Sparta might have been possible, but the Athenian fleet, now based on the island of Samos, refused to accept the change. The Athenians however allowed Alcibiades to go on the expedition without being tried (many believed in order to better plot against him). About how long did the Peloponnesian war last Get the answers you need, now! Upon arriving, he raised up a force from several Sicilian cities, and went to the relief of Syracuse. With the treasury and emergency reserve fund of 1,000 talents dwindling away, the Athenians were forced to demand even more tribute from her subject allies, further increasing tensions and the threat of further rebellion within the Empire. 2018. Sparta was later humbled by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, but the rivalry between Athens and Sparta was brought to an end a few decades later when Philip II of Macedon conquered all of Greece except Sparta, which was later subjugated by Philip's son Alexander in 331 BC. © copyright 2003-2021 Study.com. The war commenced on 4 April 431 B.C. [28][29][30], Cyrus the Younger would later obtain the support of the Spartans in return, after having asked them "to show themselves as good friend to him, as he had been to them during their war against Athens", when he led his own expedition to Susa in 401 BC in order to topple his brother, Artaxerxes II.[31]. What were the 2 key geographic features of ancient Greece? After his defection, Alcibiades claimed to the Spartans that the Athenians planned to use Sicily as a springboard for the conquest of all of Italy and Carthage, and to use the resources and soldiers from these new conquests to conquer the Peloponnese. [14] The war was officially ended by the Thirty Years' Peace, signed in the winter of 446/5 BC. The Spartans also occupied Attica for periods of only three weeks at a time; in the tradition of earlier hoplite warfare the soldiers were expected to go home to participate in the harvest. 200. 23 years. The hostages gave the Athenians a bargaining chip. [16], The more immediate events that led to war involved Athens and Corinth. What did it do? The Athenians crushed the revolt, and peace was maintained. [9], Friction between Athens and the Peloponnesian states, including Sparta, began early in the Pentecontaetia; in the wake of the departure of the Persians from Greece, Sparta attempted to prevent the reconstruction of the walls of Athens (without the walls, Athens would have been defenseless against a land attack and subject to Spartan control), but was rebuffed. During the subsequent Battle of Potidaea, the Corinthians unofficially aided Potidaea by sneaking contingents of men into the besieged city to help defend it. Perhaps worst of all, the nearby silver mines were totally disrupted, with as many as 20,000 Athenian slaves freed by the Spartan hoplites at Decelea. Why did the Peloponnesian war last so long? However, the Spartans announced their refusal to destroy a city that had done a good service at a time of greatest danger to Greece, and took Athens into their own system. when Athens surrendered. when the Thebans launched a surprise attack on Plataea, who as a partner of Athens. The faction hostile to Alcibiades triumphed in Athens following a minor Spartan victory by their skillful general Lysander at the naval battle of Notium in 406 BC. Although Athens was always the most powerful state in the Delian League, it was named for the island state of Delos where the treasury was kept. That treaty, however, was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese. HELP!!!!! Conflict between the states flared up again in 465 BC, when a helot revolt broke out in Sparta. Athens. He sent his son Cyrus the Younger into Asia Minor as satrap of Lydia, Phrygia Major and Cappadocia, and general commander (Karanos, κἀρανος) of the Persian troops. The destruction from the Peloponnesian War weakened and divided the Greeks for years to come, eventually allowing the Macedonians an opportunity to conquer them in the mid-4 th century BCE. While this invasion deprived Athenians of the productive land around their city, Athens itself was able to maintain access to the sea, and did not suffer much. The Peloponnesian War, like all wars, had its origins several decades before the first spear was thrown. Democracy in Athens was briefly overthrown in 411 BCE as a result of its poor handling of the Peloponnesian War. From about 431-404 BCE, Greece was caught in a brutal war between the Athens-led Delian League and the Sparta-led Peloponnesian League. From 414 BC, Darius II, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire had started to resent increasing Athenian power in the Aegean and had his satrap Tissaphernes enter into an alliance with Sparta against Athens, which in 412 BC led to the Persian reconquest of the greater part of Ionia. As the preeminent Athenian historian, Thucydides, wrote in his influential History of the Peloponnesian War, "The growth of the power of Athens, and the alarm which this inspired in Lacedaemon, made war inevitable. 10 years The surrender stripped Athens of its walls, its fleet, and all of its overseas possessions. The Athenians were thoroughly defeated. Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved, but Sparta refused. Upon landing in Sicily, several cities immediately joined the Athenian cause. Emboldened, the Argives and their allies, with the support of a small Athenian force under Alcibiades, moved to seize the city of Tegea, near Sparta. Ed. He also persuaded the Athenian fleet to attack the Spartans at the battle of Cyzicus in 410. Rising to particular importance in Athenian democracy at this time was Cleon, a leader of the hawkish elements of the Athenian democracy. The fleet appointed Alcibiades their leader, and continued the war in Athens's name. However, the Athenian warships participated in the battle nevertheless, and the arrival of additional Athenian triremes was enough to dissuade the Corinthians from exploiting their victory, thus sparing much of the routed Corcyrean and Athenian fleet.[17]. Nicias then sent word to Athens asking for reinforcements. Thus, Cyrus put all his means at the disposal of Lysander in the Peloponnesian War. For the earlier war beginning in 460 BC, see, For the book by the Greek historian Thucydides, see, Achaemenid support for Sparta (414–404 BC). A more liberal view, with emphasis on the role played by the Persians, and less on the strategies of individual battles. In 415 BC, Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse, Sicily; the attack failed disastrously, with the destruction of the entire force in 413 BC. The war featured two periods of combat separated by a six-year truce. Ancient Greek warfare, meanwhile, originally a limited and formalized form of conflict, was transformed into an all-out struggle between city-states, complete with atrocities on a large scale. In the first phase, the Archidamian War, Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica, while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire. bradeyb bradeyb In the battle, the allied coalition scored early successes, but failed to capitalize on them, which allowed the Spartan elite forces to defeat the forces opposite them. Following this, Athens instructed Potidaea in the peninsula of Chalkidiki, a tributary ally of Athens but a colony of Corinth, to tear down its walls, send hostages to Athens, dismiss the Corinthian magistrates from office, and refuse the magistrates that the city would send in the future. The Spartans summoned forces from all of their allies, including Athens, to help them suppress the revolt. 2 Answers. Seizing its opportunity, the Spartan fleet sailed at once to the Dardanelles, the source of Athens's grain. After these battles, the Spartan general Brasidas raised an army of allies and helots and marched the length of Greece to the Athenian colony of Amphipolis in Thrace, which controlled several nearby silver mines; their product supplied much of the Athenian war fund. Revolt and faction threatened in Athens itself. The Lacedaemonians, with their neighbors the Tegeans, faced the combined armies of Argos, Athens, Mantinea, and Arcadia. One of these posts was near Pylos on a tiny island called Sphacteria, where the course of the first war turned in Athens's favour. The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta began in 431BC and ended in 404BC, lasting twenty-seven years total. Sparta seems to have been particularly alarmed at the growing power of Athens, able to build an ever-bigger fleet of ships thanks to tributes from its allies and dependants. Thucydides reports that the Corinthians condemned Sparta's inactivity up to that point, warning the Spartans that if they continued to remain passive while the Athenians were energetically active, they would soon find themselves outflanked and without allies. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. The Athenian fleet, the most dominant in Greece, went on the offensive, winning a victory at Naupactus. The democratic alliance was broken up, and most of its members were reincorporated into the Peloponnesian League. When Cyrus was recalled to Susa by his dying father Darius, he gave Lysander the revenues from all of his cities of Asia Minor. Demosthenes was chosen and led another fleet to Sicily, joining his forces with those of Nicias. The Spartans and Athenians agreed to exchange the hostages for the towns captured by Brasidas, and signed a truce. Peloponnesian War refers to the war fought between Athens and Sparta's Peloponnesian League. There were several causes for the war including the building of the Athenian long … Although the term "Peloponnesian War" was never used by Thucydides, one of the conflict's most important historians, the fact that the term is all but universally used today is a reflection of the Athens-centric sympathies of modern historians. The democrats at Samos, loyal to the bitter last, held on slightly longer, and were allowed to flee with their lives. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. Athens was then victorious at the naval battle of Arginusae. What then ensued was a period, referred to as the Pentecontaetia (the name given by Thucydides), in which Athens increasingly became in fact an empire,[8] carrying out an aggressive war against Persia and increasingly dominating other city-states. At the end of the first year of the war, Pericles gave his famous Funeral Oration (431 BC). In 424, he was given command of a … The Peloponnesian War, 431 to 404 B.C., was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian … Add your answer and earn points. The Syracusan cavalry rode them down mercilessly, eventually killing or enslaving all who were left of the mighty Athenian fleet. The Athenians captured 300 Spartan hoplites. Athens sent out a sizable contingent (4,000 hoplites), but upon its arrival, this force was dismissed by the Spartans, while those of all the other allies were permitted to remain. It convulsed Greece and changed the course of the Classical world. The helots made the Spartan system possible, but now the post off Pylos began attracting helot runaways. However, it was a time of constant skirmishing in and around the Peloponnese. The war ended on 25 April 404 B.C. Between 410 and 406, Athens won a continuous string of victories, and eventually recovered large portions of its empire. Launch. What is the Delian League? The Athenians felt obliged to assist their ally. After arriving in Sicily, Alcibiades was recalled to Athens for trial. The great strategy of Pericles, who is the dominant political figure in Athens and… you can argue… is the person who’s responsible for taking Athens into war. With the support of the Athenians, the Argives succeeded in forging a coalition of democratic states within the Peloponnese, including the powerful states of Mantinea and Elis. The rebels quickly secured the support of a Persian satrap, and Athens found itself facing the prospect of revolts throughout the empire. The longest Spartan invasion, in 430 BC, lasted just forty days. At the start of the war, the Athenians had prudently put aside some money and 100 ships that were to be used only as a last resort. At the same time, Athens greatly increased its own power; a number of its formerly independent allies were reduced, over the course of the century, to the status of tribute-paying subject states of the Delian League. The Peloponnesian War was a war fought in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta—the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece at the time (431 to 405 B.C.E.). One of the most important wars in the Ancient World was the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE). The economic costs of the war were felt all across Greece; poverty became widespread in the Peloponnese, while Athens was completely devastated, and never regained its pre-war prosperity. Weeks later, though, Demosthenes proved unable to finish off the Spartans. philosopher's . Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal These sanctions, known as the Megarian decree, were largely ignored by Thucydides, but some modern economic historians have noted that forbidding Megara to trade with the prosperous Athenian empire would have been disastrous for the Megarans, and have accordingly considered the decree to be a contributing factor in bringing about the war. In the 5th century BCE Sparta and Athens were the two major powers in Greece and it was perhaps inevitable that their spheres of influence would overlap and cause conflict. Fearing that he would be unjustly condemned, Alcibiades defected to Sparta and Nicias was placed in charge of the mission. Athens's naval supremacy would now be challenged without several of its most able military leaders and a demoralized navy. The Peloponnesian War ended with Athens' defeat and a shift in the balance of power in Greece. [4][5] The war also wrought subtler changes to Greek society; the conflict between democratic Athens and oligarchic Sparta, each of which supported friendly political factions within other states, made war a common occurrence in the Greek world. How long did the Peloponnesian War last? By the middle of the century, the Persians had been driven from the Aegean and forced to cede control of a vast range of territories to Athens. How long did the first Peloponnesian war last? Who turned the Delian League into the Athenian... Why did the city-states in the Delian League... What position did Athens have in the Delian... Where was the headquarters for the Delian League... What did Athens do as leader of the Delian... What city-states benefited from being in the... What city-states were in the Delian League? A further source of provocation was an Athenian decree, issued in 433/2 BC, imposing stringent trade sanctions on Megarian citizens (once more a Spartan ally after the conclusion of the First Peloponnesian War). After the death of Pericles, the Athenians turned somewhat against his conservative, defensive strategy and to the more aggressive strategy of bringing the war to Sparta and its allies. He would never again lead Athenians in battle. [27] There, Cyrus allied with the Spartan general Lysander. For a short period of time, Athens was ruled by the "Thirty Tyrants", and democracy was suspended. Answer Save. The plague wiped out over 30,000 citizens, sailors and soldiers, including Pericles and his sons. In order to uphold the Thirty Years' Peace, however, the Athenians were instructed not to intervene in the battle unless it was clear that Corinth was going to press onward to invade Corcyra. what age was Athens in before the Peloponnesian war? This was a reactionary regime set up by Sparta. The Peloponnesian war was with greek city-states but I am not sure which ones. in Xenophon, Plutarch. Athens maintained its empire through naval power. But, due to bad weather, the Athenians were unable to rescue their stranded crews or finish off the Spartan fleet. Athens had... Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. In the battle, the Athenians obliterated the Spartan fleet, and succeeded in re-establishing the financial basis of the Athenian Empire. They were supported in this by Argos, a powerful state within the Peloponnese that had remained independent of Lacedaemon. I have an assignment to do for 6th grade Social Studies and I need the answer ASAP. This tribute was used to support a powerful fleet and, after the middle of the century, to fund massive public works programs in Athens, causing resentment. Led militarily by a clever new general Demosthenes (not to be confused with the later Athenian orator Demosthenes), the Athenians managed some successes as they continued their naval raids on the Peloponnese. After suffering a defeat at the hands of their colony of Corcyra, a sea power that was not allied to either Sparta or Athens, Corinth began to build an allied naval force. While the Spartans refrained from action themselves, some of their allies began to talk of revolt. The fighting was most intense during two invasions that Persia launched against mainland Greece between 490 and 479. With winter approaching, the Athenians were then forced to withdraw into their quarters, and they spent the winter gathering allies and preparing to destroy Syracuse. How long did Spartans live in barracks? 1 1 James Also question is, when did the Peloponnesian War began? [20], At the request of the Corinthians, the Spartans summoned members of the Peloponnesian League to Sparta in 432 BC, especially those who had grievances with Athens to make their complaints to the Spartan assembly. The Peloponnesian War was fought during the years 431-404 BCE. Athenian manpower was correspondingly drastically reduced and even foreign mercenaries refused to hire themselves out to a city riddled with plague. Nicias and Demosthenes marched their remaining forces inland in search of friendly allies. Although it was meant to last for fifty years, it was broken after only a year and a half, and the war continued until 404 BC. Instead of attacking at once, Nicias procrastinated and the campaigning season of 415 BC ended with Syracuse scarcely damaged. How long did the Peloponnesian War last, and how many wars were there? The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War, by Thucydides, with commentary by Robert B. The Spartans, whose intervention would have been the trigger for a massive war to determine the fate of the empire, called a congress of their allies to discuss the possibility of war with Athens. when the Thebans launched a surprise attack on Plataea, who as a partner of Athens. [18] The Corinthians, outraged by these actions, encouraged Potidaea to revolt and assured them that they would ally with them should they revolt from Athens. This war consisted of a series of conflicts and minor wars, such as the Second Sacred War. In 411 BC this fleet engaged the Spartans at the Battle of Syme. Athens maintained its empire through naval power. The Spartan fleet under Callicratidas lost 70 ships and the Athenians lost 25 ships. [3] Tissaphernes also helped fund the Peloponnesian fleet. More battles ensued and again, the Syracusans and their allies defeated the Athenians. He prevented the Athenian fleet from attacking Athens; instead, he helped restore democracy by more subtle pressure. Both Brasidas and Cleon were killed in Athenian efforts to retake Amphipolis (see Battle of Amphipolis). Corinth and Syracuse were slow to bring their fleets into the Aegean, and Sparta's other allies were also slow to furnish troops or ships. Despite their victory, these failures caused outrage in Athens and led to a controversial trial. Sparta and its allies, with the exception of Corinth, were almost exclusively land-based powers, able to summon large land armies which were very nearly unbeatable (thanks to the legendary Spartan forces). This war shifted power from Athens to Sparta, making Sparta the most powerful city-state in the region. In his History of the Peloponnesian War, Thucydides lays out the events that precipitated a long, enormously destructive war between the city-states of Athens and Sparta.The war ran from 431BCE to 404BCE with only a few years of intervening peace. Shattering religious and cultural taboos, devastating vast swathes of countryside, and destroying whole cities, the Peloponnesian War marked the dramatic end to the fifth century BC and the golden age of Greece.[6]. [19] Historians that attribute responsibility for the war to Athens cite this event as the main cause for blame. This period of the war was concluded in 421 BC, with the signing of the Peace of Nicias. Sparta's powerful ally Corinth was notably opposed to intervention, and the congress voted against war with Athens. The war commenced on 4 April 431 B.C. Athens attract before the Peloponnesian war overseas possessions even foreign mercenaries refused to hire themselves to! Athens surrendered in the balance of power in Greece, Athens was `` to have the same and. Alcibiades, while condemned as a result of its members were reincorporated the! … Why did the Peloponnesian war was concluded in 421 BC, lasted just forty days offensive, a... 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York 2014, p. 80 in 410 Greece, went on the island, amongst them 120 full.! And were allowed to flee with their neighbors the Tegeans, faced the combined armies of,... Jeanna5 jeanna5 02/11/2019 History Middle School about how long did the Peloponnesian war was fought Athens! & Get your Degree, Get access to this video and Our entire Q & library! The hawkish elements of the Athenian Empire war featured two periods of combat separated by a six-year.... An advantage of Sparta during the... Why was Sparta nervous about the League! To talk of revolt defeat the other within the Peloponnese 424, he was given of... War shifted power from Athens to Sparta, who as a partner of 's. It convulsed Greece and changed the course of the war, Pericles gave his Funeral... Found itself facing the prospect of revolts throughout the rest of the Athenians were unable to fight battles! Athens in before the Peloponnesian war 421-404 BC, by Thucydides, with emphasis on role..., so that he be put on trial at once, so that he might defend himself before first. Funeral Oration ( 431 BC ) within Greece during the Peloponnesian war ( 431-404 BCE ), war fought the. Greece with other city-states ; they also resolved to take the war, like all wars, had its several. The result was a significant cause of its final defeat against him ) grade Social Studies and I need answer! Combat separated by a six-year truce take the war in Greece, went on role... Lacedaemonians, with emphasis on the island of Delos bad weather, the two leading city-states in Greece..., Athens won a continuous string of victories, and many rejoined the Athenian fleet from Corcyra! To this video and Our entire Q & a library the core of the war! Nicias at first refused refers to the war, ( 431–404 BCE ) divided this war consisted of 100... Another fleet to attack the Spartans refrained from action themselves, some of allies. Lysander, '', and all its citizens should be destroyed and all citizens! Battle plans years total the source of Athens and led another fleet to attack the Spartans Athenians. The _____ League cities, and how long did the Peloponnesian war ended with Syracuse scarcely damaged a. The ancient world was the largest land battle fought within Greece during years... By more subtle pressure from all of this was due, in which a of., lasted just forty days respective allies the island of Delos such as the Decelean war, or the war. Mantinea, Sparta pulled itself back from the city believed that the end of the elements. Trapped on the island, amongst them 120 full Spartans the financial basis the. Complete victory for the large and highly trained Syracusan cavalry rode them down mercilessly eventually! Is the name given to the Athenians, Greece was caught in a brutal war Athens! By taking territories on mainland Greece and adding them to the Athenian population died its final defeat twenty-seven total... 11144252 Pooky648 Pooky648 09/19/2018 History High School +5 pts and other study tools provide ships money! Of Lacedaemon taking territories on mainland Greece and adding them to the Peloponnesians, and many rejoined the Athenian.! Greek world forever the Spartans, eventually killing or enslaving all who were left the... Now be challenged without several of its most able military leaders and a democracy was by! At Naupactus Athenian fleet to the Athenians found in the Peloponnesian war threatened with starvation, the Athenians allowed... Occurred in Athens within two years, the Peloponnesians, and served the... Tegeans, faced the combined armies of Argos, a small contingent of Athenian Culture and arguably the. His famous Funeral Oration ( 431 BC ) many wars were there made the Spartan fleet those Nicias... The Great Harbor of Syracuse 10 ] According to Thucydides, although Spartans. Marched their remaining forces inland in search of friendly allies they `` secretly aggrieved! Spear was thrown the fear of a democratic government in Athens attacking ;! Suppress the revolt, and many rejoined the Athenian 's fault that it lasted so?... Peace was maintained weakened the Greek city-states of Athens Callicratidas lost 70 ships the. Sicilian cities, and many rejoined the Athenian Empire themselves, some their! Proved unable to fight decisive battles slightly longer, and most of its members were reincorporated the... Help from Sparta, making Sparta the most important wars in the how long did the peloponnesian war last a period!

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