The park covers 69 kilometres (43 mi) of coastline, 22.95 square kilometres (8.86 sq mi) of land and 44.55 square kilometres (17.20 sq mi) of sea. In total, more than 3.5 million people live on the Adriatic coasts. [156] During classical antiquity, Illyrians inhabited the eastern Adriatic coast,[157] and the western coast was inhabited by the peoples of Ancient Italy, mainly Etruscans, before the Roman Republic's rise. The Adriatic gas fields were discovered in the 1970s,[285]:265 but their development commenced in 1996. [92] There are smaller eastern Adriatic alluvial coasts—in the deltas of the Dragonja,[93] Bojana and Neretva rivers. [34], The normal tide levels are known to increase significantly in a conducive environment, leading to coastal flooding; this phenomenon is most famously known in Italy—especially Venice—as acqua alta. The Adriatic Sea (/ˌeɪdriˈætɪk/) is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans. [151] Air pollution in the Adriatic Basin is associated with the large industrial centres in the Po River valley and the large industrial cities along the coast. [224], During the Cold War, the Adriatic Sea became the southernmost flank of the Iron Curtain as Italy joined NATO,[225] while the Warsaw Pact established bases in Albania. The average summer temperature of the Adriatic is between 22-26 degrees Celsius. The Adriatic Coast has quite a few cities that have their roots back in the middle ages. [32][81] There are five geomorphological units in the Adriatic: the Northern Adriatic (up to 100 metres (330 ft) deep); the North Adriatic islands area protected against sediments filling it in by outer islands (pre-Holocene karst relief); the Middle Adriatic islands area (large Dalmatian islands); the Middle Adriatic (characterized by the Middle Adriatic Depression); and the Southern Adriatic consisting of a coastal shelf and the Southern Adriatic Depression. s.async = true; The territory was turned back over to France after the Peace of Pressburg in 1805, when the territory in the Po valley became an integral part of the new Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy. Both coasts are popular tourist destinations and many consider this sea the most beautiful in the world. The Croatian tourist facilities are further augmented by 21,000 nautical ports and moorings; nautical tourists are attracted to various types of marine protected areas. [217] The treaty was largely disregarded by Britain and France because of conflicting promises made to Serbia and a perceived lack of Italian contribution to the war effort outside Italy itself. The Adriatic’s karst habitats also result in a high degree of endemism. [250] ZERP was introduced in 2003, but its application to EU member states was suspended in 2004. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia … "The sheer beauty of the Adriatic Sea from so many vantage points was breathtaking. [236] Following Croatian EU membership, the Adriatic became an internal sea of the EU. [155], Settlements along the Adriatic dating to between 6100 and 5900 BC appear in Albania and Dalmatia on the eastern coast, related to the Cardium pottery culture. There are dozens of marine protected areas in the Adriatic, designed to protect the sea's karst habitats and biodiversity. [72], The eastern Adriatic shore's Croatian part is the most indented Mediterranean coastline. The Adriatic Sea. This dispute was exacerbated by the peninsula's occupation by the Yugoslav People's Army and later by the (Serbian–Montenegrin) FR Yugoslav Army, which in turn was replaced by a United Nations observer mission that lasted until 2002. In the territory outside the Austrian Littoral, special status was given to Fiume (modern day Rijeka) as a separate part of the Kingdom of Hungary. The capital and the largest city is Zagreb. [4] Mare Superum on the other hand normally encompassed both the modern Adriatic Sea and the sea off the Apennine peninsula's southern coast, as far as the Strait of Sicily. [77] A recent strong earthquake in the region was the 1979 Montenegro earthquake, measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale. [213] Italy joined the Allies in April 1915 with the Treaty of London, which promised Italy the Austrian Littoral, northern Dalmatia, the port of Vlorë, most of the eastern Adriatic islands and Albania as a protectorate. The Adriatic Sea separates Italy and the Balkan Peninsula, and it is one of the main attractions for travelers to the Dalmatia region of Croatia. The Adriatic Sea is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea merely extending all the way from the Strait of Otranto in the south up to the Po Valley in the north. [72] An unbroken zone of increased seismic activity borders the Adriatic Sea, with a belt of thrust faults generally oriented in the northeast–southwest direction on the east coast and the northeast–southwest normal faults in the Apennines, indicating an Adriatic counterclockwise rotation. [98], The unique nature of the Adriatic gives rise to an abundance of endemic flora and fauna. [31], The coastal water dynamics are determined by the asymmetric coasts and the inflow of the Mediterranean seawater through the Straits of Otranto and further on along the eastern coast. The length of the Adriatic sea is 783 km, and the average width is 248 km. See more ideas about adriatic sea, sea, croatia holiday. The western coast is Italian, while the eastern coast runs mostly along Croatia, but lesser parts belong to Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania. The depleted fish stock, and Croatia's Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone (ZERP) contributed to accusations of overfishing exchanged between Italian and Croatian fishermen. ", "Report of the Republic of Slovenia on the implementation of the Agreement in the period 2005–2007", Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds, "Saltpans of Strunjan, Slovenia – proposal", "Microplanktonic and Microbenthic Algal Assemblages in the Coastal Brackish Lake Fiesa and the Dragonja Estuary (Slovenia)", "Vendim për shpalljen "Park Kombëtar" të ekosistemit natyror detar pranë gadishullit të Karaburunit dhe ishullit të Sazanit", "Ecologic risks from crude oil tankers in Croatian part of Adriatic Sea", "Tankerska havarija u Jadranu bez prihoda bi ostavila milijun ljudi", "Environmental disaster warning as oil spill reaches the Po, Italy's biggest river", "Havarija tankera na Hvaru: pijani kormilar vozio, kapetan boravio u – zahodu", "Coastal Town Mayors Protest over Italy's Gas Terminal", "Minister Welcomes Trieste Council Decision against Gas Terminals", "Environmental NGO Labels Trieste Gas Terminal Time Bomb", "Slovenia slams Italy's Trieste LNG plans", "Nevrijeme i Božićni blagdani: smeće u starom Portu", "Made in Italy: Fashion, food, Fiat, pollution", "Kvaliteta zraka u Rijeci: Mlaka, Urinj i Viševac crne točke zagađenja", "The Joint Commission for the protection of the Adriatic Sea and coastal area from pollution", Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection (Croatia), "Addressing Adriatic Hot Spots: A Proposed Adriatic Environmental Program", "Via Egnatia: a journey across the lower Balkans through time", "Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna AD 552 – 754", "Povijesni zemljovidi i granice Hrvatske u Tomislavovo doba", "Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije", "2 Yugoslav States Vote Independence To Press Demands", "NATO and the UN quarrel in Bosnia as Serbs press on", "The maritime boundaries of the Adriatic Sea", "Prilog za povijest uprave: Komisija za razgraničenje pri Predsjedništvu Vlade Narodne Republike Hrvatske 1945–1946", "Kriza međunarodnih odnosa – studija slučaja: Hrvatska i Slovenija – granica u Istri", "Slovenia backs Croatia border deal in referendum vote", "Croatia and Slovenia submit arbitration agreement to UN", "Talijanski ribari optužuju hrvatsku flotu da im kradu ribu", "Prosvjed zbog prekomjernog izlova srdele", "Potpisan pristupni ugovor: budućnost EU-a i u hrvatskim je rukama", "Kako ispraviti promašaj ribolovne politike? It extends from the clear waters of the Mediterranean Sea and is noted for its warm temperatures and … The Adriatic extends northwest from 40° to 45° 45′ N., with an extreme length of about 770 km. It consists of the coastal part of Istrian Peninsula (Istra), Kvarner Gulf and Dalmatia (Dalmacija). From shimmering vistas as the sunlight landed just right, to the peering into the depths of the crystal clear blue green waters up closer, to being immersed in and buoyed up by its enveloping silkiness was a composite "wow" moment for me. South of the Istrian Peninsula, the island-fringe of the east coast extends as far south as Dubrovnik. [194] These defeats spelled the end of an independent Hungarian kingdom, and both Croatian and Hungarian nobility chose Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg as their new ruler, bringing the Habsburg Monarchy to the shore of the Adriatic Sea, where it would remain for nearly four hundred years. [206] The Congress of Vienna also created the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia which encompassed the city of Venice, the surrounding coast and a substantial hinterland, and was controlled by Austria. The International Hydrographic Organization(IHO) defines the boundary be… Have a look at live web camera overlooking the north part of the Adriatic Sea. Maritime transport is also a significant branch of the area's economy—there are 19 seaports in the Adriatic that each handle more than a million tonnes of cargo per year. [195] The Ottomans and Venetians fought a series of wars, but until the 17th century these were not fought in the Adriatic area. [201] These were created in 1809 through the Treaty of Schönbrunn; they represented the end of Venetian rule on the eastern Adriatic coast, as well as the end of the Republic of Ragusa. Following World War I and the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, the eastern coast's control passed to Yugoslavia and Albania. [63] There are also some larger cities that are located very near the coast, such as the Italian cities of Ravenna and Lecce. [288] Oil was discovered in the Northern Adriatic at a depth of approximately 5,400 metres (17,700 ft); the discovery was assessed as not viable because of its location, depth and quality. In 568 AD the Lombards invaded northern Italy, and over the course of the next century or so the importance of the Exarchate declined as the territory under Lombard control expanded and as the Byzantine outpost of Venice became increasingly independent. The east coast is generally bold and rocky, with many islands. [174][175] The Ostrogothic Kingdom ruled Italy following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. [94][95], The Adriatic Sea is a unique water body in respect of its overall biogeochemical physiognomy. [142] It is estimated that if a major oil spill happened, a million people would lose their livelihoods in Croatia alone. [109], The Northern Adriatic in particular is rich in endemic fish fauna. The boundary agreed in 1968 extends 353 nautical miles (654 km; 406 mi) and consists of 43 points connected by straight lines or circular arc segments. [39] Such unusually high tides resulting in flooding have also been observed elsewhere in the Adriatic Sea, and have been recorded in recent years in the towns of Koper, Zadar and Šibenik as well. However, increasing fishing prevented the migration of large schools of fish to the north. [137], In 2010, Albania established its first marine protection area, the Karaburun-Sazan National Marine Park at the Karaburun Peninsula where the Adriatic and Ionian Seas meet. 43 Itineraries 6 Nights [165][166] This made the sea passage across the Adriatic between Brundisium and Dyrrachium (or Apollonia) a link in the primary route for travelers, trade, and troop movements, between Rome and the East. The last major tuna catch was made there in 1954 by the fishermen from Santa Croce, Contovello and Barcola. [111], The biodiversity of the Adriatic is relatively high, and several marine protected areas have been established by countries along its coasts. Both countries also declared their economic zones, which partially overlap. Phone 1-310-548-1446 & 1-800-276-2842 (1-800-CROATIA). The causes are a decrease in sedimentation rate due to loss of sediment behind dams, the deliberate excavation of sand for industrial purposes, agricultural use of water, and removal of ground water.[64][65]. [90] There are more than 20 other rivers flowing into the Adriatic Sea in Italy alone, also forming alluvial coastlines,[91] including the lagoons of Venice, Grado and Caorle. The greatest portion of the discharge from any single river comes from the Po (28%),[43] with an average discharge from it alone of 1,569 cubic metres per second (55,400 cu ft/s). [143] An additional risk is presented by oil refineries in the Po River basin where oil spills have occurred before,[144] in addition to accidents occurring in the Adriatic already, so far with no significant environmental consequences. [128][129] In 1993, the area was designated a Ramsar site;[126] it is also a site of international importance for waterbird species. [222] In 1947, after the Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces and the war's end, Italy (now a republic) and the Allies signed the Treaty of Peace with Italy. In 752 AD the Lombards overthrew the Exarchate, ending the influence of the Byzantine Empire on the western shore of the Adriatic for a few centuries. The Adriatic Sea separates the Balkan states of Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, and Greece from the Italian peninsula. [99] Only a small fraction of the fish found in the Adriatic are attributed to recent processes such as Lessepsian migration, and escape from mariculture. Croatia is one of the ecologically best preserved parts of Europe. [100], A number of rare and threatened species are also found along the Adriatic's eastern coast; it is relatively clearer and less polluted than the western Adriatic coast—in part because the sea currents flow through the Adriatic in a counterclockwise direction, thus bringing clearer waters up the eastern coast and returning increasingly polluted water down the western coast. [123] The Bay of Mali Ston is located at the border of Croatia and Bosnia–Herzegovina, north of the Pelješac peninsula. [31] The tidal movement is normally slight, usually remaining below 30 centimetres (12 in). [79] In the last 600 years, fifteen tsunamis have occurred in the Adriatic Sea. Ianniello, A., Bolelli, W., and Di Scala, L., 1992, Barbara Field, Adriatic Sea, Offshore Italy, In Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1978–1988, AAPG Memoir 54, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, formation of the surrounding mountain chains, Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance, internationally important (Ramsar) wetland reserves, Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, "Drainage Basin of the Mediterranean Sea", United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, "Cartography in Croatia 2007–2011 – National Report to the ICA", "S pomočjo mareografske postaje v Kopru do novega geodetskega izhodišča za Slovenijo", Die Alpen: Hydrologie und Verkehrsübergänge (German), Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia, "Coastline lengths and areas of islands in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea determined from the topographic maps at the scale of 1 : 25 000", "Croatian small islands – residential and/or leisure area", "Stare crkve na Cresu i Lošinju te okolnim otocima", "Cape Kephali, Corfu, Greece – the southernmost point of the Adriatic Sea", "Sea Around Us | Fisheries, Ecosystems and Biodiversity", "Adriatic Sea Fisheries: outline of some main facts", "Zadar: Zbog velike plime more poplavilo obalu", "Jugo i niski tlak: More poplavilo šibensku rivu", "Marine Radioecology and Waste Management in the Adriatic", "Investigation of submarine groundwater discharge", "The Adriatic Sea General Circulation. On the Adriatic Sea's coasts and islands, there are numerous small settlements, and a number of larger cities. Italy and Yugoslavia agreed on their maritime boundaries by 1975 and this boundary is recognised by Yugoslavia's successor states, but the maritime boundaries between Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro are still disputed. Contact. The islands, which are long and narrow (the long axis lying parallel with the coast of the mainland), rise rather abruptly to elevations of a few hundred feet, with the exception of a few larger islands like Brac (Vidova Gora, 778 m) or the peninsula Pelješac (St. Ilija, 961 m). [3] The two terms were not synonymous, however. The amphidromic point is at the mid-width east of Ancona. The origins of the name Adriatic are linked to the Etruscan settlement of Adria, which probably derives its name from the Illyrian adur meaning water or sea. The volume of sediments carried from the eastern shore by the Rječina, Zrmanja, Krka, Cetina, Ombla, Dragonja, Mirna, Raša and Neretva rivers is negligible, because these sediments are mostly deposited at the river mouths. Various zones of the protected area cover 37 square kilometres (14 sq mi) of sea surface. [89] In the 12th century, the delta advanced at a rate of 25 metres (82 ft) per year. [52][53] The Southern Adriatic is about 8 to 10 °C (14 to 18 °F) warmer during the winter than the more northerly regions. Implemented for the first time on October 3, 2020,[70] the barriers are made to seal off three inlets that lead to the Venetian Lagoon and counteract floods of up to ten feet; in addition to protecting the city from flooding, the barrier system is also intended to stabilize Venice's water levels so as to minimize erosion of the brick walls and, subsequently, the foundations of various buildings in the city. 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